17th International Fiber and Polymer Research Symposium

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Synthesis and Characterization of Polyurethane Dispersions: Evaluating the Impact of Polyol Type and NCO/OH Ratio on Textile Performance

Authors :

Canberk YUKSEL¹ Gözde DUMAN²

1- Akkim 2- Akkim

Keywords :

Polyurethane،Dispersion،Textile Applications،Polyol،Isocyanate/Hydroxyl Ratio،Isocyanate/Hydroxyl Ratio

Abstract :

Polyurethane is a chemical structure formed by the reaction of polyols, which contain two or more functional groups, and isocyanates. Urethane bonds are created between the hydroxyl groups of the polyols and the isocyanates, continuing along long chains to form what is referred to as polyurethane. Although various chemicals play important roles in polyurethane synthesis, the main reaction primarily involves these two components. Most types of polyurethane applications contain a high amount of volatile organic compounds and, in some cases, a certain amount of free isocyanates. Due to the toxic properties for humans and the polluting effects on the environment of these applications, water-based polyurethane dispersion systems were introduced in the late 1960s. This new method is a two-component colloidal system in which polyurethane particles are dispersed in water. The eco-friendly approach of polyurethane dispersions and their high physical performance have enabled the expansion of their application areas. Today, this class of polyurethanes is widely used in coatings, adhesives, ink binders, fiberglass, paper, synthetic leathers, biomaterials, membranes, packaging, and the textile industry. In this study, four different polyurethane dispersions were synthesized. The synthesized polyurethanes were obtained using polyether polyol and polyester polyol with varying NCO/OH ratios. For the characterization of the four different polyurethane dispersions, pH, particle size, zeta potential, active matter percentage, TGA, and FTIR analyses were conducted. To reveal the performance differences in textile applications, the tensile strength and dry/wet rubbing fastness of denim fabrics, as well as the pilling degree of knitted cotton fabrics, were evaluated. As a result, the effects of the differences in polyol type and NCO/OH ratio on the performance of polyurethanes intended for textile applications were demonstrated.